Topology optimization of wind farm layouts

A novel approach for the solution of wind farm layout optimization problem is presented. The annual energy production maximized with constraints on minimum and maximum number turbines placed, spacing between turbines. proposed relies a density-based topology method, where continuous density variables varying zero one are assigned to each potential turbine location. exists if its associated variable equals one, otherwise it does not exist zero. Intermediate values penalized interpolation schemes traditionally used in context multi-material structural optimization. intermediate design become uneconomical algorithm implicitly pushed towards preference crisp 0–1 final values. solved gradient-based based first-order information. Because formulation, functions involved formulated explicitly terms their analytical gradients can be calculated directly. numerical results highlight capability finding optimized layouts small computational resources time.